Reference

Text message character limits.

Every messaging platform has different limits. Here's a complete reference, plus the technical reasons for each limit.

The full table

PlatformLimit per messageNote
SMS (GSM-7)160 charactersBasic Latin alphabet only
SMS (UCS-2)70 charactersIf any non-Latin or emoji
SMS concatenated153 chars × 6 parts = 918Often charged as multiple SMS
MMSVariable, ~1,600 chars text + mediaCarrier-dependent
iMessageNo hard limit (practical ~50,000)Falls back to SMS if recipient is non-iMessage
RCS~8,000 charactersReplacing SMS on modern Androids
WhatsApp~65,536 charactersOne of the most generous mainstream apps
Telegram4,096 charactersPlus 1,024 for captions
Discord2,000 characters4,000 for Nitro subscribers
Slack40,000 charactersPer message
Microsoft Teams~28,000 charactersEstimated; not officially documented
X (Twitter) free280 charactersPer post
X Premium25,000 charactersLong-post feature
Instagram caption2,200 charactersPer post
Instagram comment2,200 charactersPer comment
Facebook post63,206 charactersSometimes called "the Hamlet limit"
Facebook comment8,000 charactersApproximate
LinkedIn post3,000 charactersPer post
LinkedIn comment1,250 charactersPer comment
Reddit post40,000 charactersFor self-posts
Reddit comment10,000 charactersPer comment
Email subject~78 characters recommendedRFC suggestion, not enforced
Email bodyNo hard limit (~10 MB)Provider-dependent

Why SMS is 160 characters

Friedhelm Hillebrand, a German engineer, set the 160-character limit in 1985 by typing random sentences on a typewriter and counting characters. He noticed most messages fit in 160 chars. The limit was then baked into the GSM standard. Forty years later, every SMS in the world still respects that limit.

The 7-bit vs 16-bit split

SMS uses 7-bit encoding (GSM-7) for basic Latin characters — 1,120 bits ÷ 7 = 160 chars. For non-Latin alphabets (Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese) or emojis, SMS switches to 16-bit UCS-2 encoding — 1,120 bits ÷ 16 = 70 chars. So one emoji can drop your effective SMS limit from 160 to 70.

Practical implications

  • Generating text for SMS: Keep under 160 chars for basic Latin, 70 chars if using emoji
  • WhatsApp/iMessage: Virtually unlimited; generate freely
  • X without Premium: Plan tight — 280 chars is the smallest mainstream limit
  • Discord: 2,000 chars is enough for most messages; need Nitro for longer
Common questions

Frequently asked.

When your message exceeds 160 chars (or 70 for UCS-2), the carrier splits it. Each part is technically a separate SMS and may be billed separately.

No fixed daily limit, but high-volume sending to non-contacts gets flagged. Business API accounts have explicit per-day limits.

Yes — every character counts, including spaces, newlines, and emojis. Complex emojis (with zero-width joiners) often count as multiple characters.

Related reading

More articles.